Electronic access to images improves provider workflow, clinical operations and patient care through time savings and efficiencies. This article reviews the clinical and patient care time savings of electronic image exchange using mobile devices and describes the features that mobile image viewers require to achieve these efficiencies safely and securely.
In today’s healthcare environment, the ability for providers to exchange and share imaging is becoming increasingly critical on many fronts. Electronic access to images improves provider workflow, clinical operations and patient care through time savings and efficiencies. When providers access images with mobile devices, these benefits increase. Mobile devices are perfectly suited to the pervasive mobile workflow of clinical care providing untethered access to patient information and communications. When used for mobile image viewing, mobile devices support faster interpretation and consultations and improve patient outcomes. This article reviews the clinical and patient care time savings of electronic image exchange using mobile devices and describes the features that mobile image viewers require to achieve these efficiencies safely and securely.
Using smartphones and tablets for clinical patient care is rapidly becoming the norm for providers. Physician adoption rate of mobile devices has risen rapidly going from 53 per cent in 2010 to 84 per cent in 2015, according to research from Kantar Media. Until recently most providers were using them to conduct research or communicate with colleagues but those use patterns are changing. According to research from Black Book Market Research, between 2013 and 2014 the percentage of U.S. physicians using mobile devices for patient care tasks, such as ordering prescriptions, accessing records, ordering tests or viewing results, has grown from 8 to 31 per cent.
One reason for this rapid adoption of mobile health IT among clinicians is that applications which run on desktops interrupt workflow and hamper efficiency by requiring doctors to sit in one place while using them. According to a study published in the November 2013 issue of the Journal of the American College of Radiology, time spent simply accessing images on PACS workstations before reading them, for example, can total as much as 173 minutes, or over two hours, per day.
A study published in the May 2015 issue of the Journal of Medical Internet Research reports on research testing the hypothesis that mobile image-viewers provide faster image access. The study tested time-to-image speed and showed that improving this speed is a primary clinical benefit of mobile image-viewers.
For the study 19 clinicians, including 9 radiologists, 3 surgeons, 4 neurologists, and 3 physician assistants, compared time-to-access a PACS viewer, an internally-developed desktop viewer and a mobile image viewer. Data was collected for 565 image-viewing events, conducted over two separate 7-day periods. Time to first image for the PACS viewer and internally-developed viewer included time required to get to a workstation, log-in and display the first image.
For the mobile viewer, time to first image covered logging into the virtual private network (VPN), launching the mobile image viewer application and displaying the first image.
The mobile image-viewer’s mean time to first image of 2.4 minutes was significantly faster than both the PACS viewer, which had a mean time to first image of 12.5 minutes, and the custom desktop viewer, which had a mean time to first image of 4.5 minutes. Diagnostic confidence was similar for the mobile image-viewer and PACS viewer, and was worst for custom desktop viewer.
For providers that are constantly viewing patient images on mobile devices can transform workflow and standard practice. Christopher Duma, MD, a neurosurgeon that practices in Orange County California, says that using an iPhone to access to patient information, he can now provide better, more effective care.
“If I’m walking around the hospital and I need to look at a patient’s image I don’t go to a PACS terminal, I just use my iPhone. It’s easier and it’s faster,” he says.
For radiologists, mobile access offers both the benefit of better workflow and the ability to participate on patient care teams. Today’s radiologists typically practice their profession in rooms populated with the hardware of dozens of PACS. They roll between monitors, opening a different user interface at each PACS to read images, write or record reports and send them on to colleagues, a practice called “swivel chair workflow.”
One path to bringing health IT and efficient physician workflow together is liberating patient data from proprietary information systems and allowing it to flow freely across all types of devices, including smartphones, tablets, laptops and workstations, from any and all locations. Mobile access to patient data not only meets provider needs, it is also essential for healthcare institutions need to remain competitive. Simple, secure access to patient images, for example, eliminates the need for repeat imaging, saving both time and money.
Mobile image access not only improves the workflow of radiologists, it also allows them to hold in-person meetings with referring physicians and patient care teams. Research shows that this face-to-face communication improves patient care. A study published in the February 2016 issue of the Journal of the American College of Radiology, shows that in-person communications between radiologists and acute care physicians improved patient care. For the study, researchers analysed the results of rounds held between an acute care surgery team and abdominal radiologists. In 43 per cent of these in-person meetings, the acute care physicians changed their diagnosis, making significant changes in their surgical plans for the patients.
The benefits of such care coordination reach across all providers. Electronic image sharing supports patient care coordination, giving providers timely access to critical patient data. When patients travel between providers and clinical settings, image availability at the point of care is critical to making effective care decisions.
Many providers use CDs as a method of providing this access between providers and hospitals. This method, however, does not always work. CDs are frequently lost or misplaced requiring re-imaging, which takes time and delays diagnosis and treatment. They can also be damaged making images inaccessible. In addition, if the CD does not have an image viewer included on it, providers have to take the images, upload them to a local PACS and then viewed, a significant amount of manual effort which also delays patient access to treatment. Without access to outside images, trauma patient transfers can lead to a much as 25 minutes of treatment delay according to a study published in the Journal of Trauma Injury Infection and Critical Care.
Electronic access to images eliminates these problems and also improves care coordination. A typical care coordination use case includes the following phases of care as described in a HIMSS/SIIM paper on image exchange for improved patient care:
A patient with a head injury arrives at the Emergency Department (ED) of a community hospital and care providers perform a CT scan. To access a neuroradiologist, the ED physician reaches out to a tertiary care facility.
The patient scan from the PACS is transferred to the tertiary care center within a few minutes and provided to the neuroradiologist. The neuroradiologist accesses the patient scan and then calls the ED physician to discuss the exam.
With simultaneous access to the patient scan, the neuroradiologist and ED physician are able to make care decisions together. Instead of transferring the patient and possibly performing another CT scan, the neuroradiologist can diagnose right away and make a determination if a transfer is needed or not. If, for example, the patient requires surgery and a transfer is necessary, the surgery team can prepare for the patient arrival during the transport, saving even more time and improving outcomes.
When this scenario includes mobile devices, efficiencies are even greater. For example, if the neuroradiologist is on call but not physically present at the tertiary care facility, he or she can access the patient scan and diagnose from any location.
